Sunday 11 November 2012

S,PYOGENES VIDEO

 

 

 Bacitracin test for Streptococcus pyogenes

       LINK FOR VIDEO       :  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXGz59tmeeU


Streaking for Isolation--Subcultures--Strep Pyogenes w/Stab Technique 

    LINK FOR VIDEO : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMpsE8oOlmk

 

ARTICLE

Microorganism

A microorganism (also spelled as microrganism) or microbe is an organism that is microscopic.

The study of microorganisms is called microbiology.
Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, archaea or protists, but not viruses and prions, which are generally classified as non-living.

Most microorganisms are single-celled, or unicellular, but some are microscopic, and some unicellular protists are visible to the average human. Microorganisms live almost everywhere on Earth where there is liquid water, including hot springs, on the ocean floor, and deep inside rocks within Earth's crust.
Microorganisms are critical to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers.
As some microorganisms can also fix nitrogen, they are an important part of the nitrogen cycle.

However, pathogenic microbes can invade other organisms and cause diseases that kill millions of people every year. Microorganisms can be found almost anywhere in the taxonomic organization of life on the planet.

Bacteria and archaea are almost always microscopic, while a number of eukaryotes are also microscopic, including most protists and a number of fungi.
Viruses are generally regarded as not living and therefore are not microbes, although the field of microbiology also encompasses the study of viruses. Habitats and ecology Microorganisms are found in almost every habitat present in nature.

Even in hostile environments such as the poles, deserts, geysers, rocks, and the deep sea, some types of microorganisms have adapted to the extreme conditions and sustained colonies; these organisms are known as extremophiles.

Extremophiles have been isolated from rocks as much as 7 kilometres below the earth's surface, and it has been suggested that the amount of living organisms below the earth's surface may be comparable with the amount of life on or above the surface.
Extremophiles have been known to survive for a prolonged time in a vacuum, and can be highly resistant to radiation, which may even allow them to survive in space.

Many types of microorganisms have intimate symbiotic relationships with other larger organisms; some of which are mutually beneficial (mutualism), while others can be damaging to the host organism (parasitism).
If microorganisms can cause disease in a host they are known as pathogens. Microorganisms are vital to humans and the environment, as they participate in the Earth's element cycles such as the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle, as well as fulfilling other vital roles in virtually all ecosystems, such as recycling other organisms' dead remains and waste products through decomposition.

Microbes also have an important place in most higher-order multicellular organisms as symbionts. Microorganisms are the cause of many infectious diseases.
The organisms involved include bacteria, causing diseases such as plague, tuberculosis and anthrax; protozoa, causing diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness and toxoplasmosis; and also fungi causing diseases such as ringworm, candidiasis or histoplasmosis.

However, other diseases such as influenza, yellow fever or AIDS are caused by viruses, which are not living organisms and are not therefore microorganisms.
As of 2007, no clear examples of archaean pathogens are known, although a relationship has been proposed between the presence of some methanogens and human periodontal disease.

MY HOBBY






 Membaca majalah humor dan juga novel :)

Antara koleksi novel









TOP 10 MOST EXPENSIVE FOOD




10. Matsutake Mushrooms – $1000 per pound
Matsutake Mushrooms Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Matsutake Mushrooms
Matsutake is the common name for a highly sought after mycorrhizal mushroom that grows in Asia, Europe, and North America. It is an important element of Japanese cuisine. Matsutake are hard to harvest and therefore the price is very high. The Japanese matsutake at the beginning of the season which is the highest grade can go up to $2,000 per kilogram. In contrast, the average value for imported matsutake is about $90 per kilogram.
9. The Zillion Dollar Frittata – $1000
The Zillion Dollar Frittata Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
The Zillion Dollar Frittata
Culinary craziness has reached new heights in New York with the debut of the $1,000 omelet! Le Parker Meridien hotel on W. 57th St. recently added the bank-breaking breakfast dish to its menu, charging patrons what it costs to buy about 200 omelets at your local greasy spoon. It is apparently no ordinary omelet of a mix of eggs, lobster and lots of caviar.
8. Chocopologie – $2,600 per pound
Chocopologie Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Chocopologie
The tastiest and most expensive chocolate in the world is Chocopologie by Knipschildt. At $2,600 per pound, this handmade chocolate truffle is available only if ordered. It contains a black truffle and 70% Valrhona cacao.
7. Wagyu Steak – $2800
Wagyu Steak Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Wagyu Steak
For your next after-work social, you might try taking your associates to New York City’s Craft steak, where a full Wagyu rib eye was served up to a private party for $2800.
6. Samundri Khazana – $3200
Samundri Khazana Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Samundri Khazana
Called The Samundari Khazana aka Treasure from the seas, this one is tasteful mix of Beluga caviar, sea snails and a whole lobster topped with edible gold.The world’s most expensive curry has been launched despite the credit crunch – and costs £2,000 a portion. To celebrate the DVD release of Slumdog Millionaire, Bombay Brassiere packed this curry platter full of the most expensive ingredients they could find.
5. Pizza Royale 007 – $4,200
Pizza Royale 007 Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Pizza Royale 007
The auction ended November 19, 2006 with the highest bid by Italian lawyer Maurizio Morelli reaching £2,150 (approx. $4,200 in US dollars). Morelli is a charitable food connoisseur from Rome who also collects fine wines and truffles. The Guinness Book of World Records is reviewing the details of the pizza’s sale and it is under consideration for taking the record for “World’s Most Expensive Pizza” from a less extravagant white truffle pizza created by Gordon Ramsay’s Maze restaurant in London.
4. Dansuke Watermelons – $6,100
Dansuke Watermelons Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Dansuke Watermelons
Dansuke watermelons, a type of black watermelon grown only on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, are usually given as gifts due to their extraordinary rarity. There were only sixty-five of the fruits among the first harvest this season. According to the AP, “a jumbo black watermelon auctioned in Japan on Friday fetched a record $6,100, making it one of the most expensive watermelons ever sold in the country.”
3. Yubari Melons – $20,000
Yubari melon Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Yubari melon
The Yubari Melon is a very expensive Japanese melon. They had previously been judged the best pair and were purchased by the owner of a nearby seafood lunchbox and souvenir business. Prices range from 6,000 to 15,000 yen (which would be $60 to $150 in the US). The best ones are within the range of costing 20,000 yen ($200 US.) and the price record at auction was established in 2008 at 2 million yen ($20,000).
2. Almas Caviar – $25,000
Almas Caviar Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Almas Caviar
Almas caviar. This caviar is white, and it comes from beluga which is over 100 years old. Beluga sturgeon, the largest fish and only predator in the sturgeon family, can take up to 20 years to reach maturity. It is believed, that the whiter the caviar the older the fish and the more exquisite the flavor. Almas Iranian caviar is extremely expensive. It is sold only in 24K gold tin for $2000 per 100 gram. The only known outlet is the Caviar House & Prunier in London England’s Picadilly that sells a kilo of the expensive Almas caviar in a 24-karat gold tin for £16,000 or about $25,000.
1. Huge Italian Truffle To Fetch – $216,000
Huge Italian Truffle To Fetch Top 10 Most Expensive Foods in the World
Huge Italian Truffle To Fetch
The world’s most expensive food is truffle ever as was purchased by an anonymous buyer from Hong Kong for $2, 10,000. But it seems that there is its competitor that can beat it if got sold for $216,000. A 1.5-kg white truffle originated from Italian geography is expected to be sold for will be sold for 150,000 euros ($216,000) at a charity auction scheduled in Macau.

LARGEST MOSQUES IN THE WORLD



10- Sheikh Zayed Mosque
Sheikh Zayed MosqueThe tenth largest Mosque in the world (and first largest Mosque in the country) is Sheikh Zayed Mosque situated in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It covers an area of almost 22,000 square meter (5.4 acres) and has the capacity of 40,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 2007.




9- Faisal Mosque
Faisal MosqueThe nineth largest Mosque in the world is Faisal Masjid situated in Islamabad Pakistan. It covers an area of almost 43,295.8 square meter (10.6 acres) and has the capacity of 74,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 1986.




8- Jama Masjid
Jama MasjidThe eighth largest Mosque in the world is Jama Masjid situated in Delhi, India. The mosque is about 22561 feet (8058m) long and 258258 inch feet (549 m) wide and has the capacity of 85,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 1656.




7- Badshahi Mosque
Badshahi MosqueThe seventh largest Mosque in the world (and first largest Mosque in the country) is Badshahi Mosque situated in Lahore, Pakistan. It covers an area of almost 29,867.2 square meter (7.3 acres) and has the capacity of 100,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 1673.




6- Hassan II Mosque
Hassan II MosqueThe sixth largest Mosque in the world (and first largest Mosque in the country) is Hassan II Mosque situated in Casablanca, Morocco. It covers an area of almost 90,000 square meter (22.2 acres) and has the capacity of 105,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 1993.




5- Istiqlal Mosque
Istiqlal MosqueThe fifth largest Mosque in the world is Masjid Istiqlal situated in Jakarta, Indonesia. It covers an area of almost 95,000 square meter (23.4 acres) and has the capacity of 120,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 1978.




4- Taj-ul-Masajid
Taj-ul-MasajidThe fourth largest Mosque in the world (and first largest Mosque in the country) is Taj-ul-Masajid situated in Bhopal, India. It covers an area of almost 400,000 square meter (98 acres) and has the capacity of 175,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 1901.




3- Al-Masjid al-Nabawi
Al-Masjid al-NabawiIt is the third largest Mosque in the world situated in Medina, Saudi Arabia. It covers an area of almost 400,500 square meter (99 acres) and has the capacity of 650,000 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 622.




2- Imam Reza Shrine 
Imam Reza Shrine It is the second largest mosque in the world situated  in Mashhad, Iran. It covers an area of almost 598,657 square meter (148 acres) and has the capacity of 700,000 Worshipers. It was built in the year 818.




1- Masjid al-Haram
Masjid al-HaramIt is the largest Mosque in the world situated in Mecca (Makkah), Saudi Arabia. It covers an area of almost 400,800 square meter (90 acres) and has the capacity of 820,00 Worshipers. The Mosque was built in the year 638.

-HIGHEST PAID FOOTBALLERS-





Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
1 ) David Beckham
Net worth: £135 million or  £219 million (according to 2011 Sunday Times Rich List)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $40 million
Current Club: Los Angelas Galaxy
Beckham endorsement deals with adidas is the biggest in the sport thanks to royalties from apparel and footwear collections.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
2 ) Cristiano Ronaldo
Net worth: $160 million (estimated)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $38 million
Current Club: Real Madrid
Ronaldo is Facebook’s most popular athlete with 24 million fans which is part of the attraction for sponsors such as Nike, Armani, Coca-Cola. He is also the Castrol ambassador.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
3 ) Lionel Messi
Net worth: $110 million (estimated)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $32 million
Current Club: Barcelona
Messi is the world’s best player and has meaningful sponsorship deals with adidas, Konami, Lay’s to name a few.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
4 ) Ricardo Kaka
Net worth: $110 million (estimated)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $25 million
Current Club: Real Madrid
Although he did not play much for Real this season, he was the star player of the FIFA10 video game, and has a sponsorship deal with Adidas.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
5 ) Ronaldinho
Net worth: $90million (estimated)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $24 million
Current Club: Flamengo
Yep, he is still there! The Flamengo player is ranked 5th. Still a Nike athlete, Ronnie benefits from interesting endorsement deals.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
6 ) Thierry Henry
Net worth: $60 million (estimated)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $21 million
Current Club: New York Red Bulls
Second MLS player in the top 10. Although his sponsorship deal with Gillette finished at the end of 2010,Thierry Henry remains in the top ten with $21 million earnings this year.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
7 ) Wayne Rooney
Net worth: £37million (according to the 2011 Sunday Times Rich List)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $20 million
Current Club: Manchester United
His “strike” at the beginning of the season triggered a significant salary increase to $1 million annually. He is Nike icon.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
8 ) (tie) Frank Lampard
Net worth: £37million (according to the 2011 Sunday Times Rich List)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $17 million
Current Club: Chelsea
In partnership with adidas, Frank Lampard significantly increased his earnings compared to the previous year.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
9 ) (tie) Zlatan Imbrahimovic
Net worth: $60 million (according to the 2011 Sunday Times Rich List)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $17million
Current Club: MC Milan
Barca paid a $94 million fee to Inter Milan in 2009 for the rights to Ibrahimovic, which was the secondtransfer fee ever.

Top 10 Highest Paid Footballers in Forbes 2011
10 ) Samuel Eto’o
Net worth: $40 million (estimated)
May 2010 to May 2011 earnings: $15million
Current Club: Inter Milan
Football icon of the sports lifestyle brand Puma, the Cameroonian counts Ford among his partnerships.